Chief of Air Staff, Air Chief Marshal AP Singh, flagged delays in the delivery of the Tejas fighter aircraft into service, calling for increased private partnership in developing defence products and providing more funds for Research and Development (R&D).

Speaking at the 21st Subroto Mukherjee Seminar on ‘Atmanirbharta in Aerospace: Way Ahead’, yesterday, Air Chief Marshal AP Singh talked about the emphasis on R&D and how it “loses its relevance if it is not able to meet the timeline.” Air Chief Marshal Singh also flagged the delay in procurement of the first batch of the Tejas fighter jet ordered by the Indian Air Force.

“Capacity building is important, we may not need it every time but we need to be flexible and production agencies have to invest in their advanced manufacturing processes to increase speed and upskill their manpower,” Air Chief Marshal Singh said at the seminar.

#WATCH | Delhi | During his address at the 21st Subroto Mukerjee Seminar, Chief of the Air Staff, Air Chief Marshal AP Singh says, “…R&D loses its relevance if it is not able to meet the timeline. Time is a very important thing. We need to give greater leeway to the… pic.twitter.com/rgmAKNhVeG

— ANI (@ANI) January 7, 2025

“Tejas, we started inducting it in 2016…We should go back to 1984 when the project was conceived. The aircraft flew 17 years later in 2001. Then, the induction started another 16 years later in 2016. Today we are in 2024 and I (Indian Air Force) do not have the first 40 aircraft…This is the production capability. We need to do something and I’m very convinced that we need to have competition, we need to have multiple sources available so that people are wary of losing their orders, otherwise, things won’t change,” he added.

The Light Combat Aircraft (LCA) programme was envisioned in the late 1980s to replace the MiG-21 and Su-7 fleet. The programme got a boost in the late 90s and on January 4, 2001, the Technology Demonstrator-1 (TD-1) version of the LCA was airborne and rechristened ‘Tejas’, a significant moment in the Indian Air Force’s history.

The Second Series Production (SP2) Tejas aircraft was given initial operational clearance in 2016. The Tejas Mk1 version was inducted in the Air Force’s No. 45 Squadron – ‘The Flying Daggers’. Later, another Tejas squadron, the No. 18 Squadron – ‘The Flying Bullets’ began operating the Mk1 variant.

The Tejas fighter jet is manufactured by the Bengaluru-headquartered Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL).

ACM AP Singh stressed the importance of having private players in defence manufacturing and production and said, “R&D loses its relevance if it is not able to meet the timeline. Time is a very important thing. We need to give greater leeway to the researchers. There will be failures, let’s not be scared of failures. I think we are losing a lot of time because we are scared of failure…Defence is one sector where time is very important. If we don’t meet the timeline, technology is of no use. So we need to learn from our failures, move on and not be scared of those failures.”

“R&D funds are woefully short. We are just about at 5%, and it should be at 15% (of the defence budget). We have to make sure that these funds are increased and they are available to private players also…We need to increase the schemes to have more private players, and maybe have a competitive approach.”

China’s 6th Gen Fighter

The Air Force chief’s concerns over the delay in Tejas’ procurement comes amid China’s development of its ‘6th Generation stealth fighter jet’ and its recent trials that took the internet by storm.

“As far as defence is concerned, we have concerns from our northern and western adversaries. Both of them are increasing their forces at a rapid pace. As far as China is concerned, it is not just numbers. The technology is also growing at a rapid pace. We just saw the flight of the latest new generation aircraft that they have pulled out.. the stealth fighter,” the Air Chief Marshal said.

China is the second country in the world after the US to have at least two types of stealth fighter jets — J-20 and J-35 — have been developed in China in record time. Meanwhile, the so-called 6th generation fighter is up for trial.

‘2025 – The Year Of Reforms’

The Ministry of Defence has declared 2025 as the ‘year of reforms’. With an “aim to further bolster Jointness & Integration initiatives and facilitate the establishment of the Integrated Theatre Commands.”

“Acquisition procedures need to be made simpler and time-sensitive to facilitate swifter and robust capability development.”

“Facilitate technology transfer and knowledge sharing between the defence sector and civil industries, promoting public-private partnerships by improving ease of doing business.” “Position India as a credible exporter of defence products, fostering R&D and partnerships between Indian industries and foreign Original Equipment Manufacturers for knowledge sharing & resource integration,” are among several areas for focussed intervention.

GE F404 Engine Delay

The Indian Air Force has ordered 83 Tejas Mk1A variants in a Rs 36,468 crore deal with Hindustan Aeronautics Limited. In November last year, the Defence Acquisition Council cleared the project to acquire 97 more Tejas jets for the Indian Air Force. The Tejas fighter jets will be powered by US-made General Electric’s F404 fighter jet engines.

The Tejas MK1A variant, the advanced version of the MK1, which is already operational in two squadrons, took to the skies on March 28 last year for a historic test flight.

The air force plans to raise the first squadron of the indigenous LCA Mark 1A fighter aircraft squadron at the Nal air base in the Bikaner district of Rajasthan near the Pakistan front. The Tejas will replace one of the two MiG-21 squadrons already stationed.

The new variants are expected to be delivered by July but a report in Times of India from October last year said that the HAL will be able to deliver only two to three Tejas MK1A instead of the 16 promised to the IAF in the 2024-2025 fiscal under the deal to procure 83-such fighter jets.

Prime Minister Narendra Modi and Defence Minister Rajnath Singh have flagged the delay in delivery of 99 GE F404 engines during their visit to the US and GE has promised to begin supply by March 2025, already two years behind the schedule.

A report on Financial Express said the Centre has imposed penalties on GE Aerospace over the two-year deal. The first timeline to deliver the engines was March 2023.

“We are working with our partner HAL and suppliers to resolve constraints and deliver F404-IN20 engines for the LCA Mk1 programme,” Financial Express reported, quoting GE Aerospace.

Tejas has proven to be one of the best multi-role fighters of its weight and class and has an impeccable safety record since its first flight in 2001. The 4.5 generation aircraft can be used for multiple roles like ground attack, interception, air-to-air combat and air defence. Nigeria, Philippines, Argentina and Egypt have shown interest in procuring indigenously-developed Tejas Light Combat Aircraft

Falling Squadron Strength – A Cause Of Concern

Forty-two is the sanctioned squadron strength for the Indian Air Force but currently, only 31 are active. A fighter squadron has typically 18 aircraft including two trainer aircraft.

The ‘Demand for Grants 2024-2025’ report on defence flagged the shortage of fighter aircraft in the air force and said the IAF needs at least 180 fighter jets under the present circumstances. The strength may further deplete after the phasing out of the ageing MiG-21 which has been in service since 1963 and has undergone multiple overhauls over 60 years. The MiG-29s, SEPECAT Jaguars, and Mirage-2000s are other aircraft procured in the 1980s.

“This (falling squadron strength) will be addressed in the long run by the timely induction of Multi-Role Fighter Aircraft (MRFA) and LCA Mark II. Critical combat enablers like the airborne early warning aircraft, flight refuellers and special electronic intelligence and surveillance are an integral element of modern-day combat,” PTI reported, quoting an IAF representative.

The Parliamentary Standing Committee on Defence noted that there has been a significant delay in the supply of light combat aircraft from HAL. The Committee recommended that if there are delays in the indigenous manufacture of multi-role fighter aircraft, the government should consider the counter-purchase of fifth-generation fighter aircraft.

It noted that the capital funding provided to the Indian Air Force was insufficient to buy a large number of fighter jets and suggested that procurement should not be delayed due to inadequate funds.

In a widening of fissures between the Congress and the AAP, allies at the Central level as part of the INDIA bloc, Congress leader Ashok Gehlot has said the Arvind Kejriwal-led party is its opponent in Delhi and is harbouring a misconception that it will win again in the upcoming Assembly elections. In a swift, stinging response, Mr Kejriwal said Mr Gehlot’s remarks have laid bare the “secret cooperation” between the Congress and the BJP for the Delhi polls. 

The public spat between the senior leaders of the INDIA allies comes days after the AAP said it would ask other members to remove the Congress from the opposition bloc unless one of its leaders, Ajay Maken, apologised for calling Arvind Kejriwal “anti-national”. Even then, the AAP had said that the Congress was doing everything it could to ensure that it helped the BJP in the Delhi elections.

Answering a question on Wednesday, Ashok Gehlot, who is a former Rajasthan Chief Minister, said in Hindi, “They (the AAP) are our opposition. They are harbouring a misconception since they won twice (in Delhi)… the voters’ mood seems to have changed now. The Congress is campaigning well and we may see good results this time.”

Sharing a clip of Mr Gehlot’s remarks on X, Mr Kejriwal said the Congress leader’s comments have proven what the people already believed. 

“Gehlot ji, you made it clear that the Congress sees the AAP as the opposition in Delhi. You remained silent on the BJP. People also felt that the AAP is the opposition for the Congress and the BJP is its partner. People also believed that the BJP and the Congress are fighting the elections together against the AAP. So far, this cooperation between you two was a secret. Today, you have made it public. Thank you, on behalf of the people of Delhi, for this clarification,” the former Delhi chief minister wrote in Hindi. 

Support From Allies

Earlier on Wednesday, the Trinamool Congress – another key INDIA ally – threw its weight behind the AAP for the Delhi polls, following in the footsteps of the Samajwadi Party, which had reportedly done so a day earlier. 

Thanking the Trinamool Congress and its President Mamata Banerjee for the support, Mr Kejriwal said he was “personally grateful”.

“TMC has announced support to AAP in Delhi elections. I am personally grateful to Mamta Didi. Thank you Didi. U have always supported and blessed us in our good and bad times (sic),” he wrote on X. 

Senior Trinamool Congress MP and the party’s leader in the Rajya Sabha, Derek O’Brien, responded almost immediately, saying, “We have your back @AamAadmiParty.” 

Mr Kejriwal had also expressed gratitude to INDIA ally Samajwadi Party on Tuesday after its chief, Akhilesh Yadav, reportedly said he would support the AAP. 

“Thank you very much Akhilesh ji. You always support and stand with us. I and the people of Delhi are grateful for this,” he wrote on Tuesday.

The Samajwadi Party and the Trinamool Congress had backed the AAP during the 2020 elections as well. 

Delhi will vote on February 5 and counting of votes will be held on February 8.

A body was recovered and eight people are still trapped after water gushed into a 340-foot deep ‘rat-hole’ mine in Assam and flooded it on Monday. While several teams, including one from the Navy, are engaged in rescue operations, officials have said that the chances of the remaining miners being rescued alive are slim.

Some people who were in the mines managed to escape and some others were fortunate not to be working the shift during which the flooding occurred, but they are all desperate for any news because they have friends trapped in the mine.

H Islam said he arrived in Umrangso to work in the Assam Coal Quarry situated in the 3 Kilo area last week and was working his first shift on Monday when the flooding occurred. He recounted hearing a gush of water and people shouting for help. He said he had practically no safety gear and got lucky because a stream of water carried him to the surface. 

“We started work around 6.30 am and, an hour later, I heard people shouting. I called out to one of the people I know, whom I call ‘Mama‘ and told him, ‘Mama, there’s water. run quickly if you want to live’. I managed to make it halfway out when the force of the water knocked me down. The rope and cloth around my head fell… We had no helmets, just a cloth… I figured that the flowing water would take me out to the surface and I lay down, and that’s exactly what happened. I got saved,” the survivor said.

Another worker, Jalaluddin, interjected and said no safety gear is provided to them. He said he was not working the shift that day but four of the 10 people he shares a room with did. Only one of them has come back.

Asked about conditions in the mine, he said, “It is 300 feet deep and then there are many tunnels, which are linked to each other. The height in the tunnels is barely three feet, there is no room to even stand, and we have to bend and mine for coal. Even when sitting, the roof is just 4-5 inches above our heads.”

Divers On The Job

The Ministry of Defence said the Navy team that is involved in the rescue operation includes clearance divers trained in deep-depth diving and recovery operations.

Assam Chief Minister Himanta Biswa Sarma said more de-watering pumps are being sent to the site. 

“The rescue operation is in full swing with Army and NDRF divers having already entered the well. Navy personnel are on-site, making final preparations to dive in after them. Meanwhile, State Disaster Rescue Force (SDRF) de-watering pumps have departed from Umrangshu for the location. Additionally, the ONGC de-watering pump has been loaded onto an MI-17 helicopter at Kumbhigram, awaiting weather clearance for deployment,” Assam Chief Minister Himanta Biswa Sarma said.